水稻谷草比越高,碳减排效果越好?不见得
发布日期:2018-12-26 13:47:19

  四川航汇国际物流 据中国农科院最新消息,该院作物科学研究所作物耕作与生态创新团队,通过研究水稻收获指数(HI)变化对甲烷(CH4)排放的影响,揭示了HI与CH4排放的关系及其生物学机制,这是继该团队揭示现代高产水稻品种“促进耕层增氧—激活土壤氧化菌—促进CH4氧化”的减排机制之后的又一重大研究成果,相关研究发表于最新一期《全球变化生物学》。   该团队首席专家、中国农科院作科所研究员张卫建表示,水稻是世界第二大口粮作物,稻田是全球甲烷(CH4)最主要的人为排放源,也是我国农业最大碳排放源。他介绍,水稻高产途径有两条:提高生物学产量;提高收获指数,即收获物中稻谷与稻草之比。而不同途径对稻田CH4排放的影响,迄今尚无定论。   现有研究认为,水稻光合产物是稻田土壤微生物的主要碳源,通过提高HI,减少光合产物向地下输入,能显著降低CH4排放,是高产低碳排放的品种选育之路。但是,该团队发现,HI变化对CH4排放的影响只在水稻后期显著,而此期排放的CH4不到全生育期总量的20%;另外,HI提高只在长期淹水稻田有减排效果,减排潜力只有4.4%,而目前全生育期淹水的稻田占稻田总面积不足30%。可见,通过提高HI实现CH4减排的潜力非常有限。不过,HI提高可能减少下一季稻草还田量,存在一定的减排潜力。同时,现代水稻高产品种的收获指数已经达到了一个较高水平(约0.55),进一步大幅提升的难度非常大。因此,仅靠提高现代品种的收获指数,很难实现水稻单产的大幅度提升和稻田CH4排放的显著减少,高产低排放的品种选育和稻作创新需要新智慧。


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